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Photoshop How-To: Quick-and-Easy Collages
There are many ways to make composite images in Photoshop, but using layers is your best bet. Here's how to craft a digital collage with layers, layer masks, and other collage-specific effects.
Written by Amy Courtright-Elmer on July 4, 2002
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This story is taken from "The Design Authority" (Element K Journals).
I've been using Photoshop for a while now, but I haven't found a good technique to use when creating collages. Do you know of a special formula for putting collages together?
One of the most powerful features in Photoshop is the ability to create layers. This is especially useful when creating collages because with the aid of layers, you can place each element within your design separately and manipulate them freely. Not only that, but you can generate layer masks, apply effects, and more on each specific layer in order to create the perfect collage. In this article, we'll introduce you to a variety of digital collage-making techniques that will save you time and make you wonder why anyone would want to make traditional cut-and-paste collages again.
Hunt and Gather
The first step in making a collage is, of course, collecting all the images for the collage. Try not to limit yourself to a few set images. This is one instance when the more you have the better off you'll be. Because collages are more like organized chaos, things tend to change throughout the design process. What you initially thought would be perfect in the top-right corner may not work at all, so it's good to have a few other backup images to choose from.
Once you've gathered all of your images, scan them in or download them, and then save each file in one folder. Also, make sure that each file is the same resolution, color mode and format.
Do the Drag and Drop
The next step is to place all of your images into one document. This allows you to pick and choose among all of the images without having to continuously open and close different files. So, open all of the images that you've gathered in Photoshop. Then create a new document, any size you want. Just make sure that you set the resolution and color mode to match that of your other images. Then drag and drop each image onto your new document. They'll automatically be placed on separate layers when you do this, as shown in Figure 1.

Note: If your images are on a white background and you won't be including the white area in your collage, then before dragging it over to your new document select the image area only, not the white background and drag that over. This will save you time later when collaging the images together.
Don't worry about the placement of your images yet. Once you've dragged all of the images onto your new document, name each layer. To do so, go to the Layers palette and select a layer by clicking on it. Then choose Layer Properties from the Layers palette's pop-up menu. In the resulting dialog box, name your layer accordingly, as we did in Figure 2.

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Work at lower resolutions first
I find that it works better to take all the files and open them up and inspect them, put them in the same RGB color space, save them at lower resolution (100-150 dpi) and then import them into a new document that matches the lower resolution. At this point you have much greater flexibility to move, resize, allow for accidents and to just have fun with the possibilities. When you have come close to what you want, then flatten that file, resize to 300 dpi and use it as a master file (bottom layer). Then re- import all the files you need placing each file over it's corresponding image to match size and position. That way you can take each layer and finalize it's color and sharpening (each image has different qualities regarding need for unsharp masking).
Good info for Newbies like me
The general concept and work process are helpful. While I've done some collaging, I have MUCH to learn. Every bit helps.
In response to those who disagreed, I believe that the components of a collage can be medium rez (150-200 ppi) and "up-sampled" to 300ppi when combined. The individual elements will not fall apart (I believe) when output at 300. One of the negative responses alluded to this as well.
Huge files are hard to work with.
If you have a huge, mostly empty hard drive and tons of RAM this technique could work.
If you have average equipment, you should not paste all your potential images into one Photoshop document before you begin to work. If you do that, the file will be very large and slow - if your computer can handle it at all. Each time you go to save your changes, you will likely get an out of memory message and you should save often.
Also, if you put every potential image in the original file, then the decision-making process is not as considered and you are liable to end up with a big mess. Notice how all the pieces in the sample image are the same size. Nothing wins.
Think about each piece before you add it to your final file. Don't worry about the colors, if you open an RGB piece and your final file is CMYK, when you paste the RGB into the CMYK file it is automatically changed to CMYK and vice versa.
The final photoshop document will only have one type of color. Set your resolution and color preferences before you start.
This perspective is based on the need to print your work. If possible, I always work at 300dpi for print resolution. Even if the project is for the Web or TV where the resolution is quite low, a successful piece may have print applications later on and trying to reproduce an exact copy at a much higher resolution is time consuming and frustrating. Consider doing your work at a high resolution because you can always save a low-res copy.
A good example of why you want to do your originals at 300dpi even for the Web is because you may be printing the piece for your portfolio. Type that looks fine on-line, will be small and choppy when printed out for your portfolio.
Have fun. Layers can allow you to make some wonderfully complex images.